Relevant components of Groovy syntax will be introduced as required throughout this documentation, so while an understanding of Groovy is helpful, it is not required to work with Pipeline.

A Pipeline can be created in one of the following ways:

• - after setting up a Pipeline project in Blue Ocean, the Blue Ocean UI helps you write your Pipeline’s Jenkinsfile and commit it to source control.
• - you can enter a basic Pipeline directly in Jenkins through the classic UI.
• - you can write a `Jenkinsfile`manually, which you can commit to your project’s source control repository. []

The syntax for defining a Pipeline with either approach is the same, but while Jenkins supports entering Pipeline directly into the classic UI, it is generally considered best practice to define the Pipeline in a `Jenkinsfile`which Jenkins will then load directly from source control.

This video provides basic instructions on how to write both Declarative and Scripted Pipelines.

Writing a Pipeline script in Jenkins

Through Blue Ocean

If you are new to Jenkins Pipeline, the Blue Ocean UI helps you set up your Pipeline project, and automatically creates and writes your Pipeline (i.e. the Jenkinsfile) for you through the graphical Pipeline editor.

As part of setting up your Pipeline project in Blue Ocean, Jenkins configures a secure and appropriately authenticated connection to your project’s source control repository. Therefore, any changes you make to the Jenkinsfile via Blue Ocean’s Pipeline editor are automatically saved and committed to source control.

Blue Ocean status

Blue Ocean will not receive further functionality updates. Blue Ocean will continue to provide easy-to-use Pipeline visualization, but it will not be enhanced further. It will only receive selective updates for significant security issues or functional defects.

The assists users as they define Pipeline steps with their arguments. It is the preferred tool for Jenkins Pipeline creation, as it provides online help for the Pipeline steps available in your Jenkins controller. It uses the plugins installed on your Jenkins controller to generate the Pipeline syntax. Refer to the Pipeline steps reference page for information on all available Pipeline steps.

Through the classic UI

A Jenkinsfile created using the classic UI is stored by Jenkins itself (within the Jenkins home directory).

To create a basic Pipeline through the Jenkins classic UI:

1. If required, ensure you are logged in to Jenkins.
2. From the Jenkins home page (i.e. the Dashboard of the Jenkins classic UI), click New Item at the top left.
3. In the Enter an item name field, specify the name for your new Pipeline project. Caution: Jenkins uses this item name to create directories on disk. It is recommended to avoid using spaces in item names, since doing so may uncover bugs in scripts that do not properly handle spaces in directory paths.
4. Scroll down and click Pipeline, then click OK at the end of the page to open the Pipeline configuration page (whose General tab is selected).
5. Click the Pipeline tab at the top of the page to scroll down to the Pipeline section. Note: If instead you are defining your Jenkinsfile in source control, follow the instructions in below.
6. In the Pipeline section, ensure that the Definition field indicates the Pipeline script option.
7. Enter your Pipeline code into the Script text area.

   For instance, copy the following Declarative example Pipeline code (below the Jenkinsfile ( …​ ) heading) or its Scripted version equivalent and paste this into the Script text area. (The Declarative example below is used throughout the remainder of this procedure.) Jenkinsfile (Declarative Pipeline)

   pipeline { agent any (1) stages { stage('Stage 1') { steps { echo 'Hello world!' (2) } } } }

   1`agent` instructs Jenkins to allocate an executor (on any available agent/node in the Jenkins environment) and workspace for the entire Pipeline. 2`echo` writes simple string in the console output. 3`Jenkinsfile`0 effectively does the same as agent (above).
   Note: You can also select from canned Scripted Pipeline examples from the try sample Pipeline option at the top right of the Script text area. Be aware that there are no canned Declarative Pipeline examples available from this field.
8. Click Save to open the Pipeline project/item view page.
9. On this page, click Build Now on the left to run the Pipeline.
10. Under Build History on the left, click

    1 to access the details for this particular Pipeline run.

11. Click Console Output to see the full output from the Pipeline run. The following output shows a successful run of your Pipeline.
    Notes:
    • You can also access the console output directly from the Dashboard by clicking the colored globe to the left of the build number (e.g.

      1).

    • Defining a Pipeline through the classic UI is convenient for testing Pipeline code snippets, or for handling simple Pipelines or Pipelines that do not require source code to be checked out/cloned from a repository. As mentioned above, unlike Jenkinsfile`s you define through Blue Ocean () or in source control (), `Jenkinsfile`s entered into the Script text area area of Pipeline projects are stored by Jenkins itself, within the Jenkins home directory. Therefore, for greater control and flexibility over your Pipeline, particularly for projects in source control that are likely to gain complexity, it is recommended that you use or to define your `Jenkinsfile.

In SCM

Complex Pipelines are difficult to write and maintain within the Script text area of the Pipeline configuration page.

To make this easier, your Pipeline’s Jenkinsfile can be written in a text editor or integrated development environment (IDE) and committed to source control [] (optionally with the application code that Jenkins will build). Jenkins can then check out your Jenkinsfile from source control as part of your Pipeline project’s build process and then proceed to execute your Pipeline.

To configure your Pipeline project to use a Jenkinsfile from source control:

1. Follow the procedure above for defining your Pipeline until you reach step 5 (accessing the Pipeline section on the Pipeline configuration page).
2. From the Definition field, choose the Pipeline script from SCM option.
3. From the SCM field, choose the type of source control system of the repository containing your Jenkinsfile.
4. Complete the fields specific to your repository’s source control system. Tip: If you are uncertain of what value to specify for a given field, click its ? icon to the right for more information.
5. In the Script Path field, specify the location (and name) of your`Jenkinsfile`. This location is the one that Jenkins checks out/clones the repository containing your Jenkinsfile, which should match that of the repository’s file structure. The default value of this field assumes that your`Jenkinsfile` is named "Jenkinsfile" and is located at the root of the repository.

When you update the designated repository, a new build is triggered, as long as the Pipeline is configured with an SCM polling trigger.

Since Pipeline code (i.e. Scripted Pipeline in particular) is written in Groovy-like syntax, if your IDE is not correctly syntax highlighting your`Jenkinsfile`, try inserting the line Jenkinsfile`3 at the top of the`Jenkinsfile, [] footnotegroovy_shebang:[] which may rectify the issue.

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